Bene, nella prima puntata si è riusciti ad ottenere la schermata di benvenuto del programma di installazione Debian 3.0 Woody.  Si puó premere <Invio> per andare alla sua schermata principale dove sono presentate le opzioni selezionabili per procedere all'installazione:


        +---------+ Debian GNU/Linux Installation Main Menu +----------+
        |                                                              |
        | You must indicate what sort of keyboard you have so that     |
        | keys operate as expected.  Select "Next" from the menu to    |
        | configure your keyboard.                                     |
        |                                                              |
        |   +---------------------------------------------------+      |
        |   | Next     : Configure the Keyboard                 |      |
        |   | Alternate: Configure the hostname                 |      |
        |   |                                                   |      |
        |   | Configure the Keyboard                            |      |
        |   | Preload Modules from a Floppy                     |      |
        |   | Partition a Hard Disk                             |      |
        |   | Initialize and Activate a Swap Partition          |      |
        |   | Activate a Previously-Initialized Swap Partition  |      |
        |   | Do Without a Swap Partition                       |      |
        |   | Initialize a Linux Partition                      |      |
        |   | Mount a Previously-Initialized Partition          |      |
        |   | Unmount a Partition                               |      |
        |   +---------------------------------------------------+      |
        |                                                              |
        +--------------------------------------------------------------+


                                   Debian GNU/Linux System Installation


In una installazione avviata da CD Rom, il programma "dbootstrap" è fatto partire da init, non da una shell.  Uscendo quindi dal programma "dbootstrap" in un sistema avviato da CD Rom, questo sarebbe automaticamente riavviato.  Questa è la ragione per la quale non c'è nel menu una voce: "Exit" oppure "Quit", funzione che però è presente con la voce: "Restart Installation System".  Selezionando questa opzione nella nostra situazione, nella quale "dbootstrap" non è avviato da init ma da una shell, si tornerebbe alla shell nell'ambiente di chroot e non si riavvierebbe il sistema di installazione.

  Si vada avanti con la procedura di installazione, (in caso di dubbi o problemi, si faccia riferimento alla documentazione ufficiale reperibile su http://www.debian.org/releases/stable/installmanual) e si scelga il tipo di tastiera in uso:

       +---------------------+ Select a keyboard +---------------------+
       |                                                               |
       | Please select a keyboard. If you don't find the exact right   |
       | choice below, please choose something close.                  |
       | You'll be able to configure more keyboard choices by running  |
       | 'dpkg-reconfigure console-data' once you have installed the   |
       | base system.                                                  |
       |                                                               |
       | +--------------------------------------------------------+    |
       | | qwerty/us                  : U.S. English (QWERTY)     |    |
       | | azerty/be-latin1           : Belgian                   |    |
       | | qwerty/br-abnt2            : Brazilian (ABNT2 layout)  |    |
       | | qwerty/br-latin1           : Brazilian (EUA layout)    |    |
       | | qwerty/bg                  : Bulgarian Cyrillic        |    |
       | | qwertz/croat               : Croatian                  |    |
       | | qwerty/cz-lat2             : Czech                     |    |
       | | qwerty/dk-latin1           : Danish                    |    |
       | | dvorak/dvorak              : Dvorak                    |    |
       | | qwerty/fi-latin1           : Finnish                   |    |
       | +--------------------------------------------------------+    |
       |                                                               |
       |                            <Cancel>                           |
       +---------------------------------------------------------------+


                        Debian GNU/Linux System Installation


  Andando ancora avanti, si legge questo messaggio:

        +---------+ Debian GNU/Linux Installation Main Menu +----------+
        |                                                              |
        | No hard disk drives could be found and the network is        |
        | configured.  Please select "Next" to mount the root          |
        | filesystem via NFS.  Select "Alternate" instead if you need  |
        | to load essential modules from a floppy to make the hard     |
        | disk drives visible.                                         |
        |                                                              |
        | +------------------------------------------------------+     |
        | | Next     : Mount a Previously-Initialized Partition  |     |
        | | Alternate: Preload essential modules from a floppy   |     |
        | |                                                      |     |
        | | Configure the Keyboard                               |     |
        | | Preload Modules from a Floppy                        |     |
        | | Partition a Hard Disk                                |     |
        | | Initialize and Activate a Swap Partition             |     |
        | | Activate a Previously-Initialized Swap Partition     |     |
        | | Do Without a Swap Partition                          |     |
        | | Initialize a Linux Partition                         |     |
        | +------------------------------------------------------+     |
        |                                                              |
        +--------------------------------------------------------------+


                        Debian GNU/Linux System Installation



  Il programma d'installazione ha notato come la rete sia già configurata ed attiva, ma non ha rilevato dischi rigidi disponibili ad accogliere l'installazione.  Nel sistema che si è usato per fare queste prove, il supporto per il NFS (Network File System) era stato compilato come moduli esterni del kernel.  I moduli per il supporto NFS non sono stati copiati nell'immagine montata in loopback per risparmiarne l'esiguo spazio disponibile.  In questa fase il programma di installazione non riesce a trovare dischi rigidi disponibili e tenterebbe quindi, si procedesse con l'operazione che suggerisce come prossimo passo, di montare un filesystem di rete.  Questo tentativo fallirebbe per l'assenza dei moduli NFS, appunto.  Allora, per fargli vedere il disco rigido SCSI, si apra prima una shell dall'ambiente di installazione, si monti a mano il disco rigido nella directory /target dove questo programma installerà il sistema finale, si esca quindi da questa shell temporanea per tornare al programma di installazione.
   Si scenda quindi nel menù e si scelga "Execute a Shell":


You are running "ash", a Bourne-shell clone. The root filesystem is a
RAM disk or floppy. The hard disk filesystems are mounted on "/target".
The editor available to you on this floppy is "nano-tiny". It's very small
and easy to figure out - sorry but "vi" and "emacs" wouldn't fit.
To get an idea of what Unix utilities are available to you, run "ls /bin
/sbin /usr/bin /usr/sbin". Use the "exit" command to return to the
installation menu.
\[\033[01;31m\]\h \[\033[01;34m\]\W \$ \[\033[00m\]PS1='Prompt> '
Prompt> mount -t ext2 /dev/sda1 /target
Prompt> exit



        +---------+ Debian GNU/Linux Installation Main Menu +----------+
        |                                                              |
        | You've mounted your root filesystem.  You may initialize and |
        | mount additional filesystems, or you may go on to install    |
        | the operating system kernel and the modules.                 |
        |                                                              |
        | +------------------------------------------------------+     |
        | | Next     : Install Kernel and Driver Modules         |     |
        | | Alternate: Mount a Previously-Initialized Partition  |     |
        | |                                                      |     |
        | | Configure the Keyboard                               |     |
        | | Preload Modules from a Floppy                        |     |
        | | Partition a Hard Disk                                |     |
        | | Initialize and Activate a Swap Partition             |     |
        | | Activate a Previously-Initialized Swap Partition     |     |
        | | Do Without a Swap Partition                          |     |
        | | Initialize a Linux Partition                         |     |
        | | Mount a Previously-Initialized Partition             |     |
        | | Unmount a Partition                                  |     |
        | +------------------------------------------------------+     |
        |                                                              |
        +--------------------------------------------------------------+


                        Debian GNU/Linux System Installation



  Il programma di installazione si è accorto del disco rigido che è stato appena montato a mano in /target.  Propone quindi di installarci il kernel e i moduli.  Si scelga pure la voce proposta: "Install Kernel and Driver Modules" premendo <Invio>:


        +----------------+ Note about loaded drivers +----------------+
        |                                                             |
        | Remember that many drivers are already included in the      |
        | running kernel. If you don't see a required module in the   |
        | modules configuration, this driver may already have been    |
        | loaded and you can use the hardware without loading the     |
        | driver manually.                                            |
        |                                                             |
        |                        <Continue>                           |
        +-------------------------------------------------------------+


                        Debian GNU/Linux System Installation




         +----------------------+ Please Wait +-----------------------+
         |                                                            |
         | Looking for Debian CD in your drives, please wait...       |
         |                                                            |
         |                                                            |
         |                                                            |
         +------------------------------------------------------------+


                        Debian GNU/Linux System Installation




         +----------------------+ Please Wait +-----------------------+
         |                                                            |
         | Installing the Rescue Floppy Image from floppy images on   |
         | mounted medium ...                                         |
         |                                                            |
         |                                                            |
         +------------------------------------------------------------+


                        Debian GNU/Linux System Installation




         +----------------------+ Please Wait +-----------------------+
         |                                                            |
         | Installing Drivers from                                    |
         | /instmnt/dists/woody/main/disks-i386/current/drivers.tgz...|
         |                                                            |
         |                                                            |
         +------------------------------------------------------------+


                        Debian GNU/Linux System Installation




        +---------+ Debian GNU/Linux Installation Main Menu +----------+
        |                                                              |
        | You've installed the operating system kernel and the         |
        | modules.  Please select "Next" to configure the device       |
        | driver modules, "Alternate" if you have to configure any     |
        | PCMCIA devices or "Alternate1" to install 3rd party modules. |
        |                                                              |
        |   +---------------------------------------------------+      |
        |   | Next      : Configure Device Driver Modules       |      |
        |   | Alternate : Configure PCMCIA Support              |      |
        |   | Alternate1: Install Foreign Modules               |      |
        |   |                                                   |      |
        |   | Configure the Keyboard                            |      |
        |   | Preload Modules from a Floppy                     |      |
        |   | Partition a Hard Disk                             |      |
        |   | Initialize and Activate a Swap Partition          |      |
        |   | Activate a Previously-Initialized Swap Partition  |      |
        |   | Do Without a Swap Partition                       |      |
        |   | Initialize a Linux Partition                      |      |
        |   +---------------------------------------------------+      |
        |                                                              |
        +--------------------------------------------------------------+


                        Debian GNU/Linux System Installation




  Si continui premendo ancora <Invio> per scegliere la voce "Configure Device Driver Modules":


+-----------------------------+ Select Category +------------------------------+
| Modules are loadable device drivers. Please go through the menus             |
| for each category and look for devices, network protocols, filesystems,      |
| etc. that you would like to have supported by your system. You should        |
| not install modules for devices that aren't installed in your system,        |
| as they will sometimes cause the system to pause for a long time while       |
| it is searching for the device. Also, drivers for devices that you           |
| don't have use memory that you could put to better use.                      |
|                                                                              |
| Please select the category of modules.                                       |
|                                                                              |
|   Exit                         Finished. Return to previous menu.            |
|                                                                              |
|   kernel/drivers/scsi          SCSI controller cards and SCSI devices.       |
|   kernel/drivers/scsi/aic7xxx  .                                             |
|   kernel/drivers/cdrom         Drivers for non-standard/non-ATAPI CD-ROM     |
|   kernel/drivers/net           Drivers for network interface cards.          |
|                                                                              |
|                                                                              |
|                     <Ok>                         <Cancel>                    |
|                                                                              |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------+


                        Debian GNU/Linux System Installation


    Qui, non avendo bisogno di moduli particolari, si è scelto "Exit" e si è usciti senza selezionare moduli:



        +---------+ Debian GNU/Linux Installation Main Menu +----------+
        |                                                              |
        | Your network is active, but it has not been configured for   |
        | the system to remember.  If your system is configuring       |
        | itself via hardware (i.e., your system can setup its network |
        | before Linux boots through DHCP or BOOTP), you should still  |
        | setup the configuration so that the network can be brought   |
        | up and down after booting.  If you configured the network    |
        | yourself, then you also need to perform this step.           |
        |                                                              |
        |   +---------------------------------------------------+      |
        |   | Next      : Configure the Network                 |      |
        |   | Alternate : Install the Base System               |      |
        |   | Alternate1: Edit Kernel Boot Parameters           |      |
        |   |                                                   |      |
        |   | Configure the Keyboard                            |      |
        |   | Preload Modules from a Floppy                     |      |
        |   | Partition a Hard Disk                             |      |
        |   | Initialize and Activate a Swap Partition          |      |
        |   +---------------------------------------------------+      |
        |                                                              |
        +--------------------------------------------------------------+


                        Debian GNU/Linux System Installation




  Qui si è scelto il primo "Alternate" e si è proceduto all'installazione del sistema di base, saltando quindi la configurazione della rete.  Farlo avrebbe modificato le impostazioni attive del computer ospite, cosa indesiderata.  La scelta è allora caduta sulla voce: "Install the Base System":


        +------------------+ Found a Debian CD-ROM +------------------+
        |                                                             |
        | It seems that at least one of your CD-ROM drives contains a |
        | disk with installable packages. Do you want to use this as  |
        | the primary installation medium and skip the manual         |
        | selection?                                                  |
        |                                                             |
        | NOTE: If you encounter problems later and want to install   |
        | from another source, just remove the CD and repeat this     |
        | step.                                                       |
        |                                                             |
        |                                                             |
        |                     <Yes>       <No>                        |
        +-------------------------------------------------------------+


                        Debian GNU/Linux System Installation




  Premendo <Invio> si provoca l'uso del CD Rom che "dbootstrap" ha riconosciuto quale una possibile sorgente del sistema da installare:


   +---------------+ Installing Base System, please wait... +---------------+
   |                                                                        |
   | Validating                                                             |
   | /target/var/lib/apt/lists/debootstrap.invalid_dists_woody_main_binary-i|
   | 386_Packages.gz                                                        |
   |                                                                        |
   |                                                                        |
   |                                                                        |
   |                                                                        |
   +------------------------------------------------------------------------+


[...]


   +---------------+ Installing Base System, please wait... +---------------+

   |                                                                        |
   | Retrieving                                                             |
   | file:/instmnt/pool/main/c/console-data/console-data_1999.08.29-24.2_all|
   | .deb                                                                   |
   |                                                                        |
   |                                                                        |
   |                                                                        |
   |                                                                        |
   +------------------------------------------------------------------------+


[...]


   +---------------+ Installing Base System, please wait... +---------------+
   |                                                                        |
   | Extracting                                                             |
   | /var/cache/apt/archives/hostname_2.09_i386.deb...                      |
   |                                                                        |
   |                                                                        |
   |                                                                        |
   |                                                                        |
   |                                                                        |
   +------------------------------------------------------------------------+


[...]


   +---------------+ Installing Base System, please wait... +---------------+
   |                                                                        |
   | Installing core packages...                                            |
   |                                                                        |
   |                                                                        |
   |                                                                        |
   |                                                                        |
   |                                                                        |
   |                                                                        |
   +------------------------------------------------------------------------+


[...]


   +---------------+ Installing Base System, please wait... +---------------+
   |                                                                        |
   | Unpacking required packages...                                         |
   |                                                                        |
   |                                                                        |
   |                                                                        |
   |                                                                        |
   |                                                                        |
   |                                                                        |
   +------------------------------------------------------------------------+


[...]


   +---------------+ Installing Base System, please wait... +---------------+
   |                                                                        |
   | Configuring required packages...                                       |
   |                                                                        |
   |                                                                        |
   |                                                                        |
   |                                                                        |
   |                                                                        |
   |                                                                        |
   +------------------------------------------------------------------------+


[...]


   +---------------+ Installing Base System, please wait... +---------------+
   |                                                                        |
   | Installing base packages...                                            |
   |                                                                        |
   |                                                                        |
   |                                                                        |
   |                                                                        |
   |                                                                        |
   |                                                                        |
   +------------------------------------------------------------------------+


[...]


        +---------+ Debian GNU/Linux Installation Main Menu +----------+
        |                                                              |
        | Debian is now installed (although not yet fully configured). |
        |                                                              |
        | You should build a custom boot floppy, in case Debian        |
        | GNU/Linux doesn't boot  directly from the hard disk.  Please |
        | select "Next" to build the custom boot floppy.               |
        |                                                              |
        |   +---------------------------------------------------+      |
        |   | Next     : Make a Boot Floppy                     |      |
        |   | Alternate: Reboot the System                      |      |
        |   |                                                   |      |
        |   | Configure the Keyboard                            |      |
        |   | Preload Modules from a Floppy                     |      |
        |   | Partition a Hard Disk                             |      |
        |   | Initialize and Activate a Swap Partition          |      |
        |   | Activate a Previously-Initialized Swap Partition  |      |
        |   | Do Without a Swap Partition                       |      |
        |   | Initialize a Linux Partition                      |      |
        |   +---------------------------------------------------+      |
        |                                                              |
        +--------------------------------------------------------------+



  Infatti, da un'altra shell si puó vedere:


$ ll /tmp/fsext2/target/
total 44
drwxr-xr-x  2 root root  4096 Apr  1 16:37 boot
drwxr-xr-x  6 root root  4096 Apr  1 16:37 etc
drwxr-xr-x  3 root root  4096 Apr  1 16:37 lib
drwx------  2 root root 16384 Mar 19 17:27 lost+found
drwx------  2 root root  4096 Apr  1 16:37 root
drwxr-xr-x  2 root root  4096 Apr  1 16:37 sbin
drwxrwxrwt  3 root sys   4096 Apr  1 16:37 tmp
drwxr-xr-x  5 root root  4096 Apr  1 16:37 usr
lrwxrwxrwx  1 root root    19 Apr  1 16:37 vmlinuz -> boot/vmlinuz-2.2.20


  La cosa da fare adesso è di rendere il sistema avviabile da questo disco.  Lo si fa selezionando la voce del menù denominata "Make System Bootable":

    +---------+ Where should the LILO boot loader be installed? +----------+
    |                                                                      |
    | LILO can be installed either into the master boot record (MBR), or   |
    | into the /dev/sda1 boot block. If installed into the MBR, LILO will  |
    | take control of the boot process. If you choose not to install LILO  |
    | into the MBR, you will have the opportunity later on to install an   |
    | alternative MBR program (for bootstrapping LILO).                    |
    |                                                                      |
    | +---------------------------------------------------------------+    |
    | | /dev/sda : Install LILO in the MBR (use this if unsure).      |    |
    | | /dev/sda1: Install LILO in the root partition's boot sector.  |    |
    | +---------------------------------------------------------------+    |
    |                                                                      |
    |                                <Cancel>                              |
    +----------------------------------------------------------------------+


  Si prema <Invio>:


        +-------------------------+ Problem +-------------------------+
        |                                                             |
        | With your current configuration, LILO will try to boot from |
        | a disk that is not your first IDE or SCSI disk. It's        |
        | possible that your BIOS doesn't support that.               |
        |                                                             |
        | Do you want to install the MBR anyway?                      |
        |                                                             |
        |                     <Yes>       <No>                        |
        +-------------------------------------------------------------+


  <Invio> di nuovo:


        +----------------------+ Securing LILO +----------------------+
        |                                                             |
        | NOTE: The default LILO configuration is not secure enough   |
        | against local attacks. A user with physical access can      |
        | modify the boot parameters and (for example) execute every  |
        | program with root permissions. Please read the LILO         |
        | documentation after the installation, especially the part   |
        | about "password" and "restricted" options.                  |
        |                                                             |
        |                        <Continue>                           |
        +-------------------------------------------------------------+



        +---------+ Debian GNU/Linux Installation Main Menu +----------+
        |                                                              |
        | Debian is now installed (although not yet fully configured). |
        |                                                              |
        | You should build a custom boot floppy, in case Debian        |
        | GNU/Linux doesn't boot  directly from the hard disk.  Please |
        | select "Next" to build the custom boot floppy.               |
        |                                                              |
        |   +---------------------------------------------------+      |
        |   | Next     : Make a Boot Floppy                     |      |
        |   | Alternate: Reboot the System                      |      |
        |   |                                                   |      |
        |   | Configure the Keyboard                            |      |
        |   | Preload Modules from a Floppy                     |      |
        |   | Partition a Hard Disk                             |      |
        |   | Initialize and Activate a Swap Partition          |      |
        |   | Activate a Previously-Initialized Swap Partition  |      |
        |   | Do Without a Swap Partition                       |      |
        |   | Initialize a Linux Partition                      |      |
        |   +---------------------------------------------------+      |
        |                                                              |
        +--------------------------------------------------------------+



  Si puó uscire dal programma di installazione scegliendo la voce: "Restart Installation System".  Il sistema può ora essere avviato dal disco rigido usato (in questo caso /dev/sda), sia nel computer usato per l'installazione oppure un altro nel quale il disco rigido sia stato trasferito, purché sia sempre visto come unità /dev/sda.


Fine

< Torna al livello precedente <
<< Torna alla prima pagina <<