Bene, nella prima puntata si è riusciti ad ottenere la schermata
di
benvenuto del programma di installazione Debian 3.0 Woody.
Si puó premere <Invio>
per andare alla sua schermata principale dove sono presentate le
opzioni selezionabili per procedere all'installazione:
+---------+
Debian GNU/Linux Installation Main Menu +----------+
|
|
|
You must indicate what sort of keyboard you have so
that |
|
keys operate as expected. Select "Next" from the menu
to |
|
configure your
keyboard.
|
|
|
|
+---------------------------------------------------+
|
|
| Next : Configure the
Keyboard
|
|
|
| Alternate: Configure the
hostname
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Configure the
Keyboard
|
|
|
| Preload Modules from a
Floppy
|
|
|
| Partition a Hard
Disk
|
|
|
| Initialize and Activate a Swap
Partition
| |
|
| Activate a Previously-Initialized Swap Partition
| |
|
| Do Without a Swap
Partition
|
|
|
| Initialize a Linux
Partition
|
|
|
| Mount a Previously-Initialized
Partition
| |
|
| Unmount a
Partition
|
|
|
+---------------------------------------------------+
|
|
|
+--------------------------------------------------------------+
Debian
GNU/Linux System Installation
In
una installazione avviata da CD Rom, il programma "dbootstrap"
è fatto
partire da init,
non
da una shell. Uscendo quindi dal programma "dbootstrap" in un sistema
avviato da CD Rom, questo sarebbe automaticamente riavviato.
Questa è la ragione per la quale non c'è nel menu una
voce: "Exit"
oppure
"Quit",
funzione
che però
è presente
con la voce: "Restart
Installation
System". Selezionando questa opzione nella
nostra situazione, nella quale "dbootstrap"
non è avviato da init
ma da una shell, si tornerebbe alla
shell nell'ambiente di chroot e non si riavvierebbe il sistema di
installazione.
Si vada avanti con la procedura di installazione, (in
caso di
dubbi o problemi, si faccia riferimento alla documentazione ufficiale
reperibile su http://www.debian.org/releases/stable/installmanual)
e
si scelga il tipo di tastiera in uso:
+---------------------+
Select a keyboard +---------------------+
|
|
|
Please select a keyboard. If you don't find the exact
right |
|
choice below, please choose something
close.
|
|
You'll be able to configure more keyboard choices by running |
|
'dpkg-reconfigure console-data' once you have installed
the |
|
base
system.
|
|
|
|
+--------------------------------------------------------+
|
|
|
qwerty/us
:
U.S. English (QWERTY) | |
|
|
azerty/be-latin1
:
Belgian
|
|
|
|
qwerty/br-abnt2
:
Brazilian (ABNT2 layout) | |
|
|
qwerty/br-latin1
:
Brazilian (EUA layout) | |
|
|
qwerty/bg
:
Bulgarian Cyrillic
| |
|
|
qwertz/croat
:
Croatian
|
|
|
|
qwerty/cz-lat2
:
Czech
|
|
|
|
qwerty/dk-latin1
:
Danish
|
|
|
|
dvorak/dvorak
:
Dvorak
|
|
|
|
qwerty/fi-latin1
:
Finnish
|
|
|
+--------------------------------------------------------+
|
|
|
|
<Cancel>
|
+---------------------------------------------------------------+
Debian
GNU/Linux System Installation
Andando ancora avanti, si legge questo messaggio:
+---------+
Debian GNU/Linux Installation Main Menu +----------+
|
|
|
No hard disk drives could be found and the network
is |
|
configured. Please select "Next" to mount the
root |
|
filesystem via NFS. Select "Alternate" instead if you
need |
|
to load essential modules from a floppy to make the
hard |
|
disk drives
visible.
|
|
|
|
+------------------------------------------------------+
|
|
| Next : Mount a Previously-Initialized
Partition | |
|
| Alternate: Preload essential modules from a floppy
| |
|
|
|
|
|
| Configure the
Keyboard
|
|
|
| Preload Modules from a
Floppy
|
|
|
| Partition a Hard
Disk
|
|
|
| Initialize and Activate a Swap
Partition
|
|
|
| Activate a Previously-Initialized Swap
Partition | |
|
| Do Without a Swap
Partition
|
|
|
| Initialize a Linux
Partition
|
|
|
+------------------------------------------------------+
|
|
|
+--------------------------------------------------------------+
Debian
GNU/Linux System Installation
Il programma d'installazione ha notato come la rete sia
già configurata ed attiva, ma non ha rilevato dischi rigidi
disponibili ad accogliere l'installazione. Nel sistema che si
è usato per fare queste prove, il supporto per il NFS (Network
File System) era stato compilato come moduli esterni del kernel.
I moduli per il supporto NFS non sono stati copiati nell'immagine
montata in loopback per risparmiarne l'esiguo spazio disponibile.
In questa fase il programma di installazione non riesce a trovare
dischi rigidi disponibili e tenterebbe quindi, si procedesse con
l'operazione che suggerisce come prossimo passo, di montare un
filesystem di rete. Questo tentativo fallirebbe per l'assenza dei
moduli NFS, appunto. Allora, per fargli vedere il
disco
rigido SCSI, si apra prima una shell dall'ambiente di installazione, si
monti a mano il disco rigido nella directory /target dove questo
programma installerà il sistema finale, si esca quindi da questa
shell temporanea per tornare al programma di installazione.
Si scenda quindi nel
menù e si scelga "Execute
a
Shell":
You are running "ash", a
Bourne-shell clone. The root filesystem is a
RAM disk or floppy. The hard disk
filesystems are mounted on "/target".
The editor available to you on
this floppy is "nano-tiny". It's very
small
and easy to figure out - sorry
but "vi" and "emacs" wouldn't fit.
To get an idea of what Unix
utilities are available to you, run "ls /bin
/sbin /usr/bin /usr/sbin". Use
the "exit" command to return to the
installation menu.
\[\033[01;31m\]\h
\[\033[01;34m\]\W \$ \[\033[00m\]PS1='Prompt> '
Prompt> mount -t ext2
/dev/sda1 /target
Prompt> exit
+---------+
Debian GNU/Linux
Installation Main Menu +----------+
|
|
|
You've mounted your root
filesystem. You may initialize and |
|
mount additional
filesystems, or you may go on to install |
|
the operating system
kernel and the
modules.
|
|
|
|
+------------------------------------------------------+
|
|
|
Next : Install Kernel and Driver
Modules
| |
|
| Alternate: Mount a
Previously-Initialized Partition | |
|
|
|
|
|
| Configure the
Keyboard
|
|
|
| Preload Modules from a
Floppy
|
|
|
| Partition a Hard
Disk
|
|
|
| Initialize and Activate
a Swap
Partition
|
|
|
| Activate a
Previously-Initialized Swap Partition
| |
|
| Do Without a Swap
Partition
|
|
|
| Initialize a Linux
Partition
|
|
|
| Mount a
Previously-Initialized
Partition
|
|
|
| Unmount a
Partition
|
|
|
+------------------------------------------------------+
|
|
|
+--------------------------------------------------------------+
Debian
GNU/Linux System Installation
Il programma di installazione si è accorto del disco
rigido che è stato appena montato a mano in /target.
Propone
quindi
di installarci il kernel e i moduli. Si scelga pure la
voce proposta: "Install Kernel
and Driver Modules" premendo
<Invio>:
+----------------+
Note
about loaded drivers +----------------+
|
|
|
Remember that many drivers
are already included in the |
|
running kernel. If you
don't see a required module in the |
|
modules configuration,
this driver may already have been |
|
loaded and you can use the
hardware without loading the |
|
driver
manually.
|
|
|
|
<Continue>
|
+-------------------------------------------------------------+
Debian
GNU/Linux System Installation
+----------------------+
Please Wait +-----------------------+
|
|
|
Looking for Debian
CD in your drives, please wait... |
|
|
|
|
|
|
+------------------------------------------------------------+
Debian
GNU/Linux System Installation
+----------------------+
Please Wait +-----------------------+
|
|
|
Installing the
Rescue Floppy Image from floppy images on |
|
mounted medium
...
|
|
|
|
|
+------------------------------------------------------------+
Debian
GNU/Linux System Installation
+----------------------+
Please Wait +-----------------------+
|
|
|
Installing Drivers
from
|
|
/instmnt/dists/woody/main/disks-i386/current/drivers.tgz...|
|
|
|
|
+------------------------------------------------------------+
Debian
GNU/Linux System Installation
+---------+
Debian GNU/Linux
Installation Main Menu +----------+
|
|
|
You've installed the
operating system kernel and
the |
|
modules. Please
select "Next" to configure the
device |
|
driver modules,
"Alternate" if you have to configure any |
|
PCMCIA devices or
"Alternate1" to install 3rd party modules. |
|
|
|
+---------------------------------------------------+
|
|
|
Next : Configure Device Driver
Modules
| |
|
| Alternate :
Configure PCMCIA
Support
|
|
|
| Alternate1:
Install Foreign
Modules
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Configure
the
Keyboard
|
|
|
| Preload
Modules from a
Floppy
|
|
|
| Partition a
Hard
Disk
|
|
|
| Initialize
and Activate a Swap
Partition
| |
|
| Activate a
Previously-Initialized Swap Partition
| |
|
| Do Without a
Swap
Partition
|
|
|
| Initialize a
Linux
Partition
|
|
|
+---------------------------------------------------+
|
|
|
+--------------------------------------------------------------+
Debian
GNU/Linux System Installation
Si continui premendo ancora <Invio>
per scegliere la voce
"Configure
Device Driver Modules":
+-----------------------------+
Select Category
+------------------------------+
| Modules are loadable device
drivers. Please go through the
menus
|
| for each category and look for
devices, network protocols,
filesystems, |
| etc. that you would like to
have supported by your system. You
should |
| not install modules for devices
that aren't installed in your
system, |
| as they will sometimes cause
the system to pause for a long time
while |
| it is searching for the device.
Also, drivers for devices that
you |
| don't have use memory that you
could put to better
use.
|
|
|
| Please select the category of
modules.
|
|
|
|
Exit
Finished.
Return to previous
menu.
|
|
|
|
kernel/drivers/scsi
SCSI
controller cards and SCSI
devices. |
|
kernel/drivers/scsi/aic7xxx
.
|
|
kernel/drivers/cdrom
Drivers for non-standard/non-ATAPI CD-ROM |
|
kernel/drivers/net
Drivers
for network interface
cards. |
|
|
|
|
|
<Ok>
<Cancel>
|
|
|
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
Debian
GNU/Linux System Installation
Qui, non avendo bisogno di moduli particolari, si
è scelto "Exit" e
si è usciti senza selezionare moduli:
+---------+
Debian GNU/Linux
Installation Main Menu +----------+
|
|
|
Your network is active,
but it has not been configured for |
|
the system to
remember. If your system is
configuring |
|
itself via hardware (i.e.,
your system can setup its network |
|
before Linux boots through
DHCP or BOOTP), you should still |
|
setup the configuration so
that the network can be brought |
|
up and down after
booting. If you configured the network |
|
yourself, then you also
need to perform this
step. |
|
|
|
+---------------------------------------------------+
|
|
|
Next : Configure the
Network
|
|
|
| Alternate :
Install the Base
System
|
|
|
| Alternate1:
Edit Kernel Boot
Parameters
| |
|
|
|
|
|
| Configure
the
Keyboard
|
|
|
| Preload
Modules from a
Floppy
|
|
|
| Partition a
Hard
Disk
|
|
|
| Initialize
and Activate a Swap
Partition
| |
|
+---------------------------------------------------+
|
|
|
+--------------------------------------------------------------+
Debian
GNU/Linux System Installation
Qui si è scelto il primo "Alternate"
e si è
proceduto all'installazione del sistema di base, saltando quindi la
configurazione della rete. Farlo avrebbe modificato le
impostazioni attive del computer ospite, cosa indesiderata. La
scelta è allora caduta sulla voce: "Install the Base
System":
+------------------+
Found a
Debian CD-ROM +------------------+
|
|
|
It seems that at least one
of your CD-ROM drives contains a |
|
disk with installable
packages. Do you want to use this as |
|
the primary installation
medium and skip the
manual |
|
selection?
|
|
|
|
NOTE: If you encounter
problems later and want to install |
|
from another source, just
remove the CD and repeat this |
|
step.
|
|
|
|
|
|
<Yes>
<No>
|
+-------------------------------------------------------------+
Debian
GNU/Linux System Installation
Premendo <Invio>
si provoca l'uso del CD Rom che
"dbootstrap"
ha
riconosciuto
quale una possibile sorgente del sistema
da installare:
+---------------+
Installing Base System, please wait...
+---------------+
|
|
|
Validating
|
|
/target/var/lib/apt/lists/debootstrap.invalid_dists_woody_main_binary-i|
|
386_Packages.gz
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
+------------------------------------------------------------------------+
[...]
+---------------+
Installing Base System, please wait...
+---------------+
|
|
|
Retrieving
|
|
file:/instmnt/pool/main/c/console-data/console-data_1999.08.29-24.2_all|
|
.deb
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
+------------------------------------------------------------------------+
[...]
+---------------+
Installing Base System, please wait...
+---------------+
|
|
|
Extracting
|
|
/var/cache/apt/archives/hostname_2.09_i386.deb...
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
+------------------------------------------------------------------------+
[...]
+---------------+
Installing Base System, please wait...
+---------------+
|
|
| Installing core
packages...
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
+------------------------------------------------------------------------+
[...]
+---------------+
Installing Base System, please wait...
+---------------+
|
|
| Unpacking required
packages...
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
+------------------------------------------------------------------------+
[...]
+---------------+
Installing Base System, please wait...
+---------------+
|
|
| Configuring
required
packages...
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
+------------------------------------------------------------------------+
[...]
+---------------+ Installing Base System, please
wait... +---------------+
|
|
| Installing base
packages...
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
+------------------------------------------------------------------------+
[...]
+---------+
Debian GNU/Linux
Installation Main Menu +----------+
|
|
|
Debian is now installed
(although not yet fully configured). |
|
|
|
You should build a custom
boot floppy, in case Debian |
|
GNU/Linux doesn't
boot directly from the hard disk. Please |
|
select "Next" to build the
custom boot
floppy.
|
|
|
|
+---------------------------------------------------+
|
|
|
Next : Make a Boot
Floppy
|
|
|
| Alternate:
Reboot the
System
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Configure
the
Keyboard
|
|
|
| Preload
Modules from a
Floppy
|
|
|
| Partition a
Hard
Disk
|
|
|
| Initialize
and Activate a Swap
Partition
| |
|
| Activate a
Previously-Initialized Swap Partition
| |
|
| Do Without a
Swap
Partition
|
|
|
| Initialize a
Linux
Partition
|
|
|
+---------------------------------------------------+
|
|
|
+--------------------------------------------------------------+
Infatti, da un'altra shell si puó vedere:
$ ll /tmp/fsext2/target/
total 44
drwxr-xr-x 2 root
root 4096 Apr 1 16:37 boot
drwxr-xr-x 6 root
root 4096 Apr 1 16:37 etc
drwxr-xr-x 3 root
root 4096 Apr 1 16:37 lib
drwx------ 2 root root
16384 Mar 19 17:27 lost+found
drwx------ 2 root
root 4096 Apr 1 16:37 root
drwxr-xr-x 2 root
root 4096 Apr 1 16:37 sbin
drwxrwxrwt 3 root
sys 4096 Apr 1 16:37 tmp
drwxr-xr-x 5 root
root 4096 Apr 1 16:37 usr
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root
root 19 Apr 1 16:37
vmlinuz -> boot/vmlinuz-2.2.20
La cosa da fare adesso è di rendere il sistema avviabile
da questo disco. Lo si fa selezionando la voce del menù
denominata "Make
System
Bootable":
+---------+
Where should the LILO boot loader be
installed? +----------+
|
|
| LILO can be
installed either into the master boot
record (MBR), or |
| into the
/dev/sda1 boot block. If installed into
the MBR, LILO will |
| take control
of the boot process. If you choose
not to install LILO |
| into the
MBR, you will have the opportunity later
on to install an |
| alternative
MBR program (for bootstrapping
LILO).
|
|
|
|
+---------------------------------------------------------------+
|
| | /dev/sda :
Install LILO in the MBR (use this if
unsure). | |
| | /dev/sda1:
Install LILO in the root partition's
boot sector. | |
|
+---------------------------------------------------------------+
|
|
|
|
<Cancel>
|
+----------------------------------------------------------------------+
Si prema <Invio>:
+-------------------------+
Problem
+-------------------------+
|
|
|
With your current
configuration, LILO will try to boot from |
|
a disk that is not your
first IDE or SCSI disk. It's |
|
possible that your BIOS
doesn't support
that.
|
|
|
|
Do you want to install the
MBR
anyway?
|
|
|
|
<Yes>
<No>
|
+-------------------------------------------------------------+
<Invio>
di
nuovo:
+----------------------+
Securing
LILO +----------------------+
|
|
|
NOTE: The default LILO
configuration is not secure enough |
|
against local attacks. A
user with physical access can |
|
modify the boot parameters
and (for example) execute every |
|
program with root
permissions. Please read the
LILO |
|
documentation after the
installation, especially the part |
|
about "password" and
"restricted"
options.
|
|
|
|
<Continue>
|
+-------------------------------------------------------------+
+---------+
Debian GNU/Linux
Installation Main Menu +----------+
|
|
|
Debian is now installed
(although not yet fully configured). |
|
|
|
You should build a custom
boot floppy, in case Debian |
|
GNU/Linux doesn't
boot directly from the hard disk. Please |
|
select "Next" to build the
custom boot
floppy.
|
|
|
|
+---------------------------------------------------+
|
|
|
Next : Make a Boot
Floppy
|
|
|
| Alternate:
Reboot the
System
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Configure
the
Keyboard
|
|
|
| Preload
Modules from a
Floppy
|
|
|
| Partition a
Hard
Disk
|
|
|
| Initialize
and Activate a Swap
Partition
| |
|
| Activate a
Previously-Initialized Swap Partition
| |
|
| Do Without a
Swap
Partition
|
|
|
| Initialize a
Linux
Partition
|
|
|
+---------------------------------------------------+
|
|
|
+--------------------------------------------------------------+
Si puó uscire dal programma di installazione scegliendo
la
voce: "Restart
Installation
System".
Il sistema può ora
essere avviato dal disco rigido usato (in questo caso /dev/sda),
sia
nel computer usato per l'installazione oppure un altro nel quale il
disco rigido sia stato trasferito, purché sia sempre visto come
unità /dev/sda.